Angiogenesis is one of the essential steps in the wound healing process. Multiple growth factors and cytokines, including EPO, have been shown to accelerate wound healing by promoting angiogenesis. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment of RhEPO significantly reduced wound closure time in animal model compared with control group. This effect is partly mediated by increased p-SMAD3 level in wound tissue. Furthermore, systemic administration of RhEPO was observed to be able to stimulate CD133(+)Flk(+)EPCs in peripheral blood. The concurrent increase in MVD in grafted PDAM suggested that the systematic administration of RhEPO can improve the success rate of PDAM implantation. Based on these data, we hypothesized that RhEPO accelerates wound healing by activating SMAD3 and stimulating EPCs in the peripheral blood.